特殊的航行燈電驛

B-005 Special Relay of Navigation Light

Equipment: Navigation Light System

Maker: DT

Type and Model: General

Summary of Case:

00. 某輪於傍晚時分夜幕低垂之際離開K港, 當通過燈塔之時港務台突然呼叫該輪;
      並提醒開啟航行燈。

01. 船副回頭一瞄, 見指示燈都是開的, 於是向船長回應：航行燈已開。
但此時在船的領港卻表示：左舷“紅”燈未亮。

02. 船長再往右舷探頭一看, 居然連“綠”燈也未亮! 此時船頭C/O(大副)亦回報說：前椲燈亦未亮! 船長再出駕駛台往主椲燈(Aft. Master Lt.)一望, 居然也沒亮。

03. 船副狐疑地開關“航行燈”數次, 發現所有航行燈依然不亮, 但指示燈卻能隨同開關明滅。

04. 船長覺得事有蹊蹺, 即用電話通知機艙控制室,
訴說：航行燈都不亮但指示燈卻正常。

05. 於是2/E(大管輪)帶著Avometer (三用電錶：Multimeter)上駕駛台,
拆下各相關Fuse (保險絲)量測, 卻發現都是良好的。

DSC01601 (Cs).jpg

06. 此時天色已逐漸變的昏暗, 領港於是建議下錨修復後再開航,
船長亦覺在航行安全上有甚大疑慮隨即聯絡港務台。

07. 於港外錨區暫行下錨並報告公司, 全船燈光開啟, 領港離船。

Treatment Program:

01. 當S/B結束後, C/E(輪機長)立即上駕駛台, 先行了解2/E檢測狀況....
並詢：故障之前有作些什麼?

02. 在場3/O(三副)答道：在G港有某廠商來作“航行燈”檢修。
大副解說：因為那些Relay(電驛)不斷發出“喀噠”怪聲….

03. 那C/E於W/H外抬頭看看主椲燈, 發現Boson(水手長)正爬在主椲上換新燈泡, 
於是喊道：請將上層的燈泡拆下來!

04. 然後再讓3/O開啟“航行燈”測試, 當3/O一撥動該Toggle Switch (搖頭開關),
      該座航行燈之下層燈泡赫然亮了起來。

DSC01602 (Cs).jpg

05. 再如法泡製; 將各座航行燈皆拆去上只燈泡, 於是左舷 “紅”、右舷“綠”也都亮起來, 接著艉、艏桅燈亦皆亮起來。

06. 既然航行燈復原了, 就即刻備俥, 準備起錨開航。

07. 回報代理行及公司, 航行燈已無礙將如期航往日本。

Root Cause:

01. 檢視拆下燈泡, 赫然發現是220V-100W規格。
C/O表示所有航行燈於C國S港進塢時(前5天剛出塢)檢修並換新5座。
難怪船長剛才喃喃地表示：主椲航行燈怎麼比昨天要亮。

02. 此時C/E也怕Boson是裝了個100W燈泡(超過規範), 要求再作檢查(同時查驗燈泡電壓值)。
經回報：所有220V燈泡都已拆除, 換成110V標準60W燈泡。

03. 既然於G港檢修過“航行燈”, C/E索取了驗收單查看, 發現確實換新了5個Relay。
檢視Relay Panel 也見5只新品。
C/E詢問有否備件, 2/O答說有兩只堪(原廠舊品)用品。
取下新品與舊品比較發現外觀是一 致的, 但型號不同：
乃MK3P(原廠), 與MK3P-I(新裝); 就多了個 “-I”
仔細再瞧瞧內部結構, 發現 "MK3P"(原廠)的線圈甚粗!
但 "MK3P-I"(新裝)的線圈較細。

04. 檢視Navigation LT Indicator (結線圖), 試以STBD SIDE LT. “右舷-綠燈”作為解說：

Navigation LT Indicator (C).jpg

  ※ 注意原圖RY 1~7所有的 1-5及3-7的“B”接點表示方向是錯(反了)的, 
 為便於解說已僅將RY4修正。

04-a. 每座航行燈有兩個燈泡, 分上層Top“當用”燈與下層Down“備用”燈。

04-b. 於SW-10Y扳“ON”(開燈)時, 則NL-8“當”(主)燈與RY4 (電驛-4號)間通電;

04-c. 注意RY4之Mag. Coil (粗線圈)乃與“當用”燈,
   乃呈Series Connection (串聯)狀態。

04-d. 所以若“當用”燈燈炮之Tungsten Filaments (鎢絲)燒斷,
   則RY4之Mag. Coil失磁;

04-e. 那時候彈簧即復歸! 
   將使“1”與“5” Contactor (接點)接通(當RY4激磁時是斷開的), 
   此時“備用”燈泡便導電發亮。

Relay-F.gif

04-f. 在RY4失磁時彈簧即復歸之時,
  亦將使“3”與“7”接點接通(當RY4激磁時是斷開的), 促使警報(BZ)響起。

04-g. 有SW01是Lamp & BZ Test (燈與警報器的測試)按鈕接點。
另外SW2是Anchor LT Switch (錨燈開關)的接點。
還有LT是Nav. LT Switch (航行燈開關)的接點。

05. 進塢時為船廠誤裝220V Incandescent Lamp(白熾燈泡)是本事件的禍首! 
因為220V的鎢絲擁有較高的電阻故造成Relay通過的電流值降低; 所以激磁線圈所產生的磁力也較弱, 故於航行時(船舶因主機運轉而振動)發出顫抖的異音(當然亮度亦較差些)。

06. 上述干擾異音自出塢後即一直存在 ....
故2/O在抵G港前即因此不斷的“喀噠聲”而申請報修。

07. 於G港上船檢修的小技師, 將帶來的MK3P-I 當成MK3P換上僅10分鐘就完工,
亦未要求當值船副進行測試。

Nav-LT Relay (A).jpg

Relay-G.gif

Relay-H.gif

08. 檢修時的當值船副, 亦未主動要求驗收測試,
還讓小技師將換下的5只MK3P悉數攜走。

Preventive Action:

01. 將兩只兩只備用Relay (原廠堪用舊品) 連同未換走的2只(共有4只), 調整裝於：
Aft. Mast LT. (RY1)、Fore Master LT.(RY2)、Stern LT、Aft Anchor LT
(因為該等位置不易發現故障)。

02. 督促G港上船檢修的小技師, 儘速將取走的MK3P 5只Relay儘速送返,
      並修改驗收單。

Review and Suggestion:

01. 徹底執行驗收程序。
還有換下的5只Relay乃船舶既有財產應留置於船上處理。
要知!!!  嚴重的故障, 經常是一連串的累加失誤(本案連破4關)所造成地。

02. 所有Deck / Navigation 報修單需經C/E過目並應附署。

03. 若於C區進塢宜避開 "機電類工程" ....
       蓋因該區之規格與施工標準, 和"J國"原廠有相當大的差異。

江湖一點訣，說破不值三分錢?

Technicality was a little tactic only, if broken out; it is not worth three cents?

Merchant Ships Engineering Club

商船輪機

 

Breakdown Rescues • Management Plan • Technical Data
故障救援•技術資料•管理規劃

 

MerchantEngineClub@gmail.com

MUSEUM OF MARITIME SCIENCE

 

Merchant Ships Engineering Club

商船輪機

 Breakdown Rescues • Management Plan • Technical Data

故障救援•技術資料•管理規劃

 MerchantEngineClub@gmail.com

重柴油主機換新缸套及活塞的磨合運轉程序

D：安裝瑕疵將於運轉前期(4小時)顯現, 宜密切注意若有異常往往屬於中心線問題。

U：適配運轉初期, 或許會產生異音, 當留意調整汽缸油注油量。

M：進入磨合穩定期亦是材質的表現期, 注意轉速與汽缸油量的適當配合;
       注意過多的汽缸油將導致活塞環膠著, 當然汽缸油若不足更將產生縱向刮痕。

R：在進行檢查後可逐漸加速達到正常值。

Merchant Ships Engineering Club

商船輪機

 

Breakdown Rescues • Management Plan • Technical Data
故障救援•技術資料•管理規劃

 

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Fitter Skills：

 鉗工技術分享：

1. 螺絲套牙技巧,
2. 擰下斷掉的螺栓。
Unscrew the Broken Bolt without drilling and welding, simple trick.
https://youtu.be/pPDIgGlF-rg?si=9Du2gWh2bFq1A84N

生鏽螺絲拆下的16種方法
Here are 16 tips for loosening Rusty Bolts.
https://youtu.be/CSxwMwgjG4w?si=F5LfQEq8xC0k7Meg

Merchant Ships Engineering Club

商船輪機

 

Breakdown Rescues • Management Plan • Technical Data
故障救援•技術資料•管理規劃

 

MerchantEngineClub@gmail.com

Letter of Indemnity and Guarantee of Reffer Container.

說明：

1. 冷凍/冷藏 貨櫃的運轉能量及只能作到保持溫度的作用。

2. 故冷凍/冷藏貨物一般必需於裝入貨櫃之前, 預先進行徹底(達到設定溫度)預冷作業。

3. 若該只貨櫃內貨物未能於裝船前達到貨主所設定(要求)溫度, 則運送人(船舶)將會拒收;
(一般貿易上只要貨物能順利裝船, 則信用狀便能生效。)
故而貨主便延生出此張保證函。

LETTER OF IDEMIMITY AND GUARANTE
TO：		EUG Line, and/or The Offices/Agents of The Carrier and/or The Owner, Vessel Provider and Operator.
Re：		Temperature Discrepancy Statement
Dear Sirs/Madam,
B/L No.：			140100601609
M/V：			ADO263S
CNTR No：			EGSU5013997 / EGSU5015988 / EGS5022717
Set Point：			-2°C
In view that our cargoes arrived at the Carrier’s designated terminal with temperature different from the original required temperature as per manifested on B/Ls, we hereby ask you to accept all our cargoes/container(s)
To be loaded on board at our sole risks and responsibilities.
This letter is issued to you without prejudice to your right to reflect the current cargo temperature/condition on the bills of lading as appropriate.
In consideration of your complying with our above request, we hereby agree as follows：
1.	To waive our right of claims in all respects against you, your servants, agents, and insurance companies, etc., of whatsoever nature arising form or in relation to your compliance with our above request.
2.	To indemnity you, your servants and agents and to hold all of you harmless in respect of any liability, loss, damage, fines, expenses or costs (including all legal costs) of whatsoever nature which you may sustain by reason of or in relation to your compliance of our above request.
3.	In the event of any proceedings being commenced against you or any of your servants and/or agents in connection with the foregoing, we hereby provide any of you on your demand with sufficient funds defend the same.
4.	If, in connection with your compliance of our above request, the ship, or any other ship or property in the same or associated ownership, management or control, should be arrested or detention or should the arrest or detention thereof be threatened, or should there be any interference in the use or trading of the vessel (whether by virtue of a caveat being entered on the ship’s registry or otherwise howsoever), to provide on demand such bail or other security as may be required to prevent such arrest or detention or to secure the release of such ship or property or to remove such interference and to indemnity you in respect of any liability, loss, damage or expense caused by such arrest or detention or threatened arrest or detention or threatened arrest or detention or such interference may be justified.
5.	The liability of each and every person under this indemnity shell be joint and several and shall not be conditional upon your proceeding first against any person, whether or not such person party to or liable under this indemnity.
This Indemnity shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the Law of England and any dispute arising out there of shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the governing EUG Line Bill of Lading. The Carrier reserves the right to bring any action before any competent jurisdiction at its sole and absolute discretion.
Your faithfully,
For and on behalf of
				(Signature) (DD, MM, YYYY)

Merchant Ships Engineering Club

商船輪機

 

Breakdown Rescues • Management Plan • Technical Data
故障救援•技術資料•管理規劃

 

MerchantEngineClub@gmail.com